• Cases are recorded from actual patients; sounds are exactly those of real patients.
• Computer synchronization of all outputs.
• Sounds can be monitored graphically in real time.
• The sound volume, the pace of respiration and the operating time are adjustable, expanding the variety of training options.
• Actual stethoscopes can be used for training.
• External speaker system facilitates demonstrations and group study.

• 15 speakers are located in the torso manikin (seven in the anterior, eight in the posterior), each speaker playing back sounds distinct to each auscultation area. Speakers are completely synchronized.
• The torso rotates on a base, allowing examination of both the front and back as in a real clinical procedure.
• Actual stethoscopes can be used for training.

• 35 lung sound cases and one example of vocalfremitus are available with the system.
• Each case has 2 variations, with and without heart sounds. (exceptions: normal with loud heart sounds, Hamman's sign)
• Cases are carefully selected for educational purposes based on classification standards of the American Thoracic Society.

• Explanation window for each case can be referred on the monitor.
• General descriptions along with clinical data on individual cases including patient histories, illustrations, radiographs and CT images.

36 cases are available for training. 34 cases include 2 versions—with and without heart-sounds
NORMAL	standard	FINE CRACKES	both lower area
	mildly weak		both lower and middle area
	mildly strong		whole thorax 1
	mildly rapid		whole thorax 2
	loud heart sounds	WHEEZES	upper and middle area
ABNORMAL	weak: left lower area		around trachea and upper area1
	weak: left whole area		around trachea and upper area2 (polyphone)
	absent: left	RHONCHI	trachea and upper area
	weak: right lower area		trachea and upper area (polyphonic)
	weak: right lower area		with an inspiratory wheeze
	absent right		whole thorax
	weak: whole thorax	MISCELLANEOUS CONTINUOUS SOUND	stridor
	bronchial sounds		squawk
COARSE CRACKELS	right lower area	MISCELLANEOUS	pleural friction rub: left lower area
	both lower area		pleural friction rub: right lower and middle area
	right middle area		Hamman's sign
	left lower area		Vocal fremitus (palpable at both sides of the chest)
	both upper area
	whole thorax

LSAT is a single-purpose simulator for lung sound auscultation training. Lung sound auscultation is one of the essential steps in chest examination. This skill requires three areas of expertise listening to the sounds of a patient's chest with proper use of the stethoscope, having a clear understanding of sound variations and being able to describe these sounds clearly to others. In addition, in order to give a diagnosis, relations between sounds and auscultation sites play an important role. Trainees learn not only to distinguish the sounds and their location, but to comprehensively understand what they indicate.